Printing Processes

Relief Process

Relief printing is the process of cutting or etching a surface so that the leftover surface is what is printed. You can use a barren with your hand, usually done with very thin paper. The printing is done on a plywood block. The grain will change how black the black areas appear.

1) Tone your wood block with a jet black wash
2) Use an aid to transfer the drawing
3) Decide on where you want white or black line imagery
4) Roll ink onto the block
5) Place the block on the press
6) Pass it through transferring the ink to paper


Intaglio Process

A printing process where the image area is below a flat surface of your printing plate. There are several options including dry point and etching. Dry point moves the metal and creates a burr where the ink is held. Etching involves a much longer process of preparation of the plate to create a trough the ink will sit in. 
1) Prepare the plate for printing
2) Wipe the plate with ink
3) Remove excess ink from the raised surfaces
4) Clean the edges so all white areas remain white
5) Use chalk on your fingers to remove any unwanted ink residue from the plate
6) Set on the press and lay a damp sheet of paper on top
7) Run through the press at high pressure 


Lithography Process


Lithography printing is executed on a lithographic stone. It is a very intricate process revolving around the resistance of grease and water. You must draw with a greasy material onto the stone. Its common to use lithographic pencils and crayons. 

1) Make a drawing on the stone with grease.
2) Rub a small amount of alf and rosin onto the surface
3) Apply a layer of gum arabic to the stone
4) Apply a gum arabic acidified with tannic acid
5) Remove some of the previous material
6) Place a layer of fresh gum arabic
7) Use a cheesecloth to evenly buff it in
8) Use lithotine to remove the drawing material
9) Buff in asphaltum to replace the drawing material
10) Wet the surface of the stone
11) Roll ink onto the stone
12) Put it through the press for the first time to press ink into the stone
13) Run it through the press the final time to transfer the ink to the paper




Review

The printing process I would most like to try is lithography because it is the most realistic looking in the end. I think that style also seems the most fun to do because it has the most intricate process. I think these processes have influenced modern designers with their styles. In particular, I think relief has been the most influential. I think this because it really resembles a lot of modern and abstract art.











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